Lady bug infestation - In fact, Up to 15,000 ladybugs have been reported swarming a single home in other circumstances; therefore, identifying and eliminating infestation is essential. The most …

 
Ladybug facts The species. The first thing you need to know about ladybugs is that there is more than one species in the US. The native ladybug and the Asian lady beetle. Although they look pretty similar to the uninitiated. The native ladybug is smaller, and a brighter red color.. Couples counseling online

Nov 10, 2021 · Vacuum them up. The safest and most efficient way you can get rid of ladybugs in your home is simply to vacuum them up, Troyano says. Meaning, use the nozzle of your vacuum or handheld and just ... "Unfortunately there are no really good ways to handle lady beetle infestations," Rushing said. ... An adult ladybug can eat up to 270 aphids a day, and each larva can consume up to 1,200 during ...The mention of head lice tends to make us scratch imaginary itches and often strikes panic in parents. These tiny insects infest the human scalp, feeding on blood. Kids are most of...Bed bugs are a common nuisance that can infest our homes, causing discomfort and distress. If you’ve discovered these unwelcome guests in your living space, it’s crucial to take sw...Aug 25, 2022 · Getting rid of a ladybug infestation is a challenge. Luckily, pest control experts like Carolina Pest Management can effectively remove the bugs and keep them from returning. To learn more about our ladybug infestation removal services, Call us at 704-283-2527 today. Although you should generally avoid using chemical pesticides at home, a large-scale ladybug infestation might not leave you much of choice. You may use the following to treat ladybug infestations: Direct contact aerosols: One of the quickest ways to kill ladybugs is to spray them with direct contact aerosols that contain 0.50% pyrethrin. Some ...In 1976 a warmer than average spring saw larger than usual populations of aphids, creating more food for ladybirds. But the hot, dry summer meant plants matured and dried early, leaving the aphids ...Ladybugs and Asian lady beetles definitely look similar—but their size, color, and markings can help you tell the difference. If you’re examining beetles in your yard, check for these key differences: Size matters: Asian lady beetles are slightly larger than ladybugs. They’re about 7 mm long and 5.5 mm wide.Step 1: Removing Large Numbers of Ladybugs. Use a shop vacuum with a new bag to vacuum up ladybugs from indoor surfaces. Use the hose attachment to suck up ladybugs from tight spaces such as window sills and along baseboards. Once you are done, release the ladybugs outdoors, preferably in a garden area.Plant fragrant flowers and plants away from your house as well. This should attract ladybugs outside your home." "Unfortunately there are no really good ways to handle lady beetle infestations," Rushing said. "Once they get in they are nearly impossible to get rid of until spring, when they naturally head back outdoors."28 Nov 2023 ... Why do Asian lady beetles seem to infest homes and cottages around this time of year? They're looking for a place to overwinter. They basically ...But prevention is possible. These tips might help. Seal all cracks in your home. Window frames, doors, around pipework, sidings, roofing and foundations. If there aren’t any gaps, they can’t get in. Use repellents. Ladybugs don’t …5 Aug 2016 ... Ladybugs are among our most beneficial insects. They are voracious and efficient predators of insect pests, and feed on more than 50 species of ...Ladybugs (also called lady beetles or lady birds) are among our best-known insects, with their familiar dome shape, orange-red bodies, and black spots. The main physical difference between the different types in Canada is the number of black spots on their wing covers (for example, two-spotted and thirteen-spotted lady beetles). ...Ladybugs are a large group of insects in the Coccinellidae taxonomic family. They are small beetles, and depending on the region the ladybug is also referred to as “ladybirds,” “lady beetles,” or “ladybird beetles.”. There are a huge variety of species in the Coccinellidae family, possibly 5,000 or more! The vast majority of species ...4. Make a Soap Spray. A simple solution made from soap and water will kill boxelder bugs. Add a tablespoon or so of liquid dishwashing soap to a spray bottle full of water and shake gently to combine. Spray the mixture directly on any bugs you see. The soap breaks down the bugs' outer shells, so they dehydrate and die.If your pet is itching constantly or you have itchy red welts, you’re likely dealing with a flea infestation. An effective flea killer should target adult fleas and flea larvae. Fo...Learn about the Asian lady beetle, a common and helpful bug that can also become a nuisance when it infests your home. Find out how to identify, prevent, and get rid of …1:24 Lady Bugs and Lady Beetle infestation. Millions of ladybugs and their smelly, biting cousins, the Asian lady beetle, are emerging in the spring warmth – Apr 24, 2018.Rat infestations can be a nightmare for homeowners. These pesky rodents not only cause damage to property but also pose health risks. If you’re dealing with a rat problem, it’s ess...Jul 31, 2023 · Use expanding foam to fill crevices around pipes and wires entering the house. Repair damaged screens. Install door sweeps or thresholds on exterior doors. Add a rubber seal along the bottom of garage doors. If you do find lady beetles indoors, simply vacuum them up, says Gardiner. Additionally, ladybugs may be attracted to the warmth of a home, as they prefer temperatures between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Although ladybugs are generally harmless, some species can release a foul odor when they become agitated. If there is an infestation, they can also become a nuisance. Feb 14, 2024 · Soapy water. Fill a bottle with soapy water and spray clusters of ladybugs. The soap will coat the wings and abdomen with a film that will suffocate the insect. If the infestation is in the attic or a dark corner of the house, you could also set a bowl of soapy water near a window or lamp. As the bugs are attracted to the light, they will ... Preventing Ladybug Infestations. In fall, ladybugs look for warmth—and your house is an inviting prospect. They’ll enter through any hole, crack, or gap they can find. Keep ladybugs at bay ...May 12, 2023 · Ladybugs are not harmful but can be a nuisance if they invade your home. Learn why they come inside, how to repel them, and how to vacuum them up safely. Jun 15, 2022 · 3.1 Plant Mums. 3.2 Use Your Vacuum to Remove the Lady Bugs from Indoors. 3.3 Use Diatomaceous Earth Powder. 3.4 Remove the Scent of the Lady Bug Beetle. 3.5 Use Cloves. 3.6 Use Bay Leaves. 3.7 Burn Lemon Scented Candles. 3.8 Use Lemon Scented Cleaner. 3.9 Double-sided Tape. 3 Sept 2019 ... This non-native ladybug species is commonly known as the Asian lady beetle, and believe it or not, these bugs were deliberately introduced into ...There can be groups of hundreds of bugs that may secrete an orange liquid that stains furniture. A few people are allergic to the Asian species of ladybug. If you do decide that you want to deal with a ladybug infestation this winter, here are our seven tips. 1. Prevent Entry With Weather Strips and Sealant.Ladybugs Swarm Homes as Cool Weather Arrives. Every year, the chill of autumn sends many pests - including mice and spiders - indoors as they seek shelter from the cold. But, many parts of country also deal with a less intimidating but equally bothersome invader: ladybugs.Also known as Asian lady beetles, swarms of the insects have been reported …Apple maggot flies: Apple maggot flies lay eggs in developing fruit in June or July. Once the eggs hatch, the larvae burrow into the apples. Sticky traps can be hung in the tree near fruit about three weeks after petals fall; two traps for trees less than 8 feet (2 m.) tall, and six traps for those 10 to 25 feet (3-8 m.) tall.Ladybugs aren’t harmful, but their infestation can be pretty annoying. Ladybugs don’t carry diseases, so you don’t have to worry about being infected by them and they rarely …What a ladybug symbolizes. Ladybugs are thought to symbolize everything from protection to resilience to good luck, according to the author of Shamanic Breathwork: Nature of Change Linda Star Wolf, Ph.D. Ladybugs are found all over the world and have long been known to protect crops, thanks to their tendency to eat other pests that are …Aug 25, 2022 · Getting rid of a ladybug infestation is a challenge. Luckily, pest control experts like Carolina Pest Management can effectively remove the bugs and keep them from returning. To learn more about our ladybug infestation removal services, Call us at 704-283-2527 today. To use Flex 10-10, mix between 3.2 fl. oz. to 6.4 fl. oz. of Flex 10-10 per gallon depending on the severity of the infestation. Apply the Flex 10-10 solution out in your yard making sure to keep out of the treated area until the space has properly ventilated. With a sudden uptick in ladybug infestations, you’ll need these tricks to repel them and protect your home. 1. Seal possible entry points. 2. Consider eco-friendly …Duct Tape. Ladybugs can be a nuisance when they enter your house. While there are a number of ways to get them out, using duct tape is one of the easiest and most effective. Simply press the duct tape against the ladybug, and it will stick to it. Post which, you can easily remove it from your home.Ladybug home infestations can go wrong, and you might need to get rid of them. READ MORE: Ladybug Infestation - There's Ladybugs In My House. How to get rid of ladybugs? Seal any cracks or holes in your home or company. They should be vacuumed up. Call the pest control professionals if you need help getting away from ladybugs or determining … Pour white vinegar into an empty spray bottle and generously spray all over the surface where you see ladybugs resting or crawling. White vinegar kills ladybugs as soon as it comes in contact and it also removes pheromones trails, which ladybugs release to attract other ladybugs. 3. Dish Soap Trap. Bed bug season is here:How to identify risks and avoid an infestation. Why are there so many ladybugs? Usually, groups of ladybugs, otherwise known as lady or ladybird beetles, like to pick a ...Gold bugs are people who are fans of investing in gold. Gold is a store of value that is often considered a "safe" investment in times of uncertainty. Gold bugs are people who are ... Signs of an infestation. The most obvious sign of an infestation is the appearance of large numbers of ladybug beetles on the outside surfaces of structures, congregated in the cracks and gaps of the siding and inside the building on the walls and ceilings. In addition, the beetles may produce a yellow-colored secretion that is deposited on ... Some other effective and safe methods to deal with lady beetles are: Use a HEPA filter vacuum. Be sure to empty the vacuum bag after using it. Use a broom, sweep the insects into a dustpan or other container, and put …Cloves or bay leaves are two spices that Asian beetles can’t stand. Place these spices near windows and other infested areas to shoo away your ladybug infestation. 9. Spray Them. Asian lady beetles are found in large numbers. A good way to get a bunch of them all at once is to spray them with a spray bottle.Common Name(s): Lady Beetle, Lady Bug Description. All lady beetles belong to the family Coccinellidae in the insect order Coleoptera. There are five subfamilies in this family, and four of them are what we think of as traditional lady beetles that eat other insects. One subfamily, however, is comprised of plant-eating insects.Ladybugs are another insect that might swarm your house this fall, covering your window screens and siding with their spotted red bodies. Fall ladybug swarms are most common in the western parts ...3.1 Plant Mums. 3.2 Use Your Vacuum to Remove the Lady Bugs from Indoors. 3.3 Use Diatomaceous Earth Powder. 3.4 Remove the Scent of the Lady Bug Beetle. 3.5 Use Cloves. 3.6 Use Bay Leaves. 3.7 Burn Lemon Scented Candles. 3.8 Use Lemon Scented Cleaner. 3.9 Double-sided Tape.Nov 16, 2022 · If ladybugs have started to come inside, you can try to stop the infestation from progressing by taking the following steps: Keep doors and windows closed. If you cannot keep entry points sealed off or closed, you can install fine-mesh screens and door sweeps instead. Repair cracks in your home. If your home has cracks in its walls or ... The Harlequin lady bug was imported from China or Asia and sold at garden stores, given to kids who visited museums, etc. It was passed off as a good friend to have in your garden. Unfortunately they out-compete native ladybugs, wiping them out in some cases. They have no associated predators and are larger than most natives. Pour white vinegar into an empty spray bottle and generously spray all over the surface where you see ladybugs resting or crawling. White vinegar kills ladybugs as soon as it comes in contact and it also removes pheromones trails, which ladybugs release to attract other ladybugs. 3. Dish Soap Trap. What a ladybug symbolizes. Ladybugs are thought to symbolize everything from protection to resilience to good luck, according to the author of Shamanic Breathwork: Nature of Change Linda Star Wolf, Ph.D. Ladybugs are found all over the world and have long been known to protect crops, thanks to their tendency to eat other pests that are …With a sudden uptick in ladybug infestations, you’ll need these tricks to repel them and protect your home. 1. Seal possible entry points. 2. Consider eco-friendly …1. Use Dish Soap. If you are facing a small infestation of ladybugs, simple dish soap is one of the best ways to get rid of them. There are a couple of ways to effectively use dish soap to rid your house of ladybugs. First, you can put out a bowl full of soapy water wherever you see a congregation of beetles.ENTFACT-416: Asian Lady Beetle Infestation of Structures | Download PDF. Large numbers of lady beetles (ladybugs) infesting homes and buildings in the United States …Common Name(s): Lady Beetle, Lady Bug Description. All lady beetles belong to the family Coccinellidae in the insect order Coleoptera. There are five subfamilies in this family, and four of them are what we think of as traditional lady beetles that eat other insects. One subfamily, however, is comprised of plant-eating insects. Additionally, ladybugs may be attracted to the warmth of a home, as they prefer temperatures between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Although ladybugs are generally harmless, some species can release a foul odor when they become agitated. If there is an infestation, they can also become a nuisance. The brown marmorated stink bug (Eocanthecona furcellata) or simply “stink bug” for short, is an invasive pest that is native to China.It was first discovered in the United States in the late 1990s, in the state of Pennsylvania. Stinkbugs have since spread to 40 states, as well as parts of Canada, though they are still most plentiful in the Mid-Atlantic …Nov 10, 2021 · Vacuum them up. The safest and most efficient way you can get rid of ladybugs in your home is simply to vacuum them up, Troyano says. Meaning, use the nozzle of your vacuum or handheld and just ... The AMEX Gold BUGS Index (also known as HUI) is one of two major gold indices that dominate the market. The AMEX Gold BUGS Index (also known as HUI) is one of two major gold indice...9 Nov 2021 ... You are seeing Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles. Compared to the red and black colored ladybugs/beetles which are considered helpful, the Asian ...Oct 25, 2023 · Dish soap: A good way to get rid of a large number of ladybugs in your home is to spray the colony with soapy water or "leave a bowl that combines soap and water near a light source where they ... There can be groups of hundreds of bugs that may secrete an orange liquid that stains furniture. A few people are allergic to the Asian species of ladybug. If you do decide that you want to deal with a ladybug infestation this winter, here are our seven tips. 1. Prevent Entry With Weather Strips and Sealant.If the ladybug infestation in your house becomes overwhelming or if you prefer to leave it to the experts, professional pest control services can help. Pest control professionals have the knowledge, experience, and tools to effectively remove ladybugs from your home. They can assess the extent of the infestation, identify entry points, and ...Step by Step Process: In a gallon of water, add 2 teaspoons of neem oil and ½ teaspoon of dish soap. Mix it all together and transfer the mixture to a spray bottle. Spray the mixture directly on any ladybugs you find both inside and outside your house. After a few hours, most of the bugs should be dead.The Harlequin lady bug was imported from China or Asia and sold at garden stores, given to kids who visited museums, etc. It was passed off as a good friend to have in your garden. Unfortunately they out-compete native ladybugs, wiping them out in some cases. They have no associated predators and are larger than most natives.Getting rid of a ladybug infestation is a challenge. Luckily, pest control experts like Carolina Pest Management can effectively remove the bugs and keep them from returning. To learn more about our ladybug infestation removal services, Call us at 704-283-2527 today.To do this humanely as possible, place an old sock on the end of the vacuum nozzle with a rubber band. The suction will pull the ladybugs into the sock and then you can easily transport them outside away from your home. Caution: Use of topical insecticides or bug bombs on the exterior or interior of your home exposes children, pets and yourself ...Ladybirds within buildings may be removed with a vacuum cleaner. Residual insecticides labelled for ‘beetles’ or ‘crawling insects’ and applied to crevices and entry points around buildings are likely to kill Harlequin ladybirds, but beware; native ladybird species may also be present in the same hibernation sites within buildings. Pyrethrin is toxic in nature so you should only use it outside. You can use this method to get rid of a large ladybug infestation easily. Required Items: Pyrethrin; Water Garden spray can Step by Step Process: Add 3 teaspoons of pyrethrin concentrate to a gallon of water in a garden spraying can. 4 May 2022 ... When approaching a ladybug issue, it is important to keep in mind that lady beetles are considered largely beneficial. They eat a number of ...Snakes are fascinating creatures, but they can be a nuisance when they invade your home or property. While some snakes are harmless, others can be venomous and pose a threat to hum...India’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) warns of a global famine in 50 years, and scientists have begun to experiment with an alternative source of protein: insects. India’...With a sudden uptick in ladybug infestations, you’ll need these tricks to repel them and protect your home. 1. Seal possible entry points. 2. Consider eco-friendly … Pour white vinegar into an empty spray bottle and generously spray all over the surface where you see ladybugs resting or crawling. White vinegar kills ladybugs as soon as it comes in contact and it also removes pheromones trails, which ladybugs release to attract other ladybugs. 3. Dish Soap Trap. Step 1: Removing Large Numbers of Ladybugs. Use a shop vacuum with a new bag to vacuum up ladybugs from indoor surfaces. Use the hose attachment to suck up ladybugs from tight spaces such as window sills and along baseboards. Once you are done, release the ladybugs outdoors, preferably in a garden area.Nov 10, 2021 · Vacuum them up. The safest and most efficient way you can get rid of ladybugs in your home is simply to vacuum them up, Troyano says. Meaning, use the nozzle of your vacuum or handheld and just ... Bed bug season is here:How to identify risks and avoid an infestation. Why are there so many ladybugs? Usually, groups of ladybugs, otherwise known as lady or ladybird beetles, like to pick a ...Ladybugs can be a helpful addition to your garden, but when large numbers of them gather in your property, they can become an issue. If you have an infestation of orange ladybugs, there are several ways to get rid of them. First, you need to identify the type of ladybug. In most parts of the United States, orange ladybugs are Asian lady beetles. Additionally, ladybugs may be attracted to the warmth of a home, as they prefer temperatures between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Although ladybugs are generally harmless, some species can release a foul odor when they become agitated. If there is an infestation, they can also become a nuisance. Treat Your Home with a Liquid Insecticide. Choose an insecticide labeled for Asian lady beetles, such as Talstar P or Suspend SC. Follow the instructions on the label to mix the insecticide with water in a hand pump sprayer, then spot treat around the inside of your home. Do not spray an entire room, wall, or floor with your insecticide.Remove the vacuum bag after you have collected the beetles to prevent them from either crawling back out or dying, which will produce a bad odor. You can use a clean vacuum bag, collect the beetles, and then store the bag in a sheltered outdoor area. In the spring, the beetles will emerge from the bag and begin feeding on those pesky scaly ...The Harlequin lady bug was imported from China or Asia and sold at garden stores, given to kids who visited museums, etc. It was passed off as a good friend to have in your garden. Unfortunately they out-compete native ladybugs, wiping them out in some cases. They have no associated predators and are larger than most natives.The Asian Lady Beetle, is relatively new to this country. The beetle is native to Asia (e.g., China, Russia, Korea, Japan), where it dwells in trees and fields, preying on aphids and scale insects. Introduced to U.S. As Pest Control. During the 1960s to 1990s, the U.S. Department of Agriculture attempted to establish the Asian lady beetle to ...11 Nov 2021 ... While a ladybug infestation does not pose a direct threat, you may still want to eliminate the unwanted houseguest. The easiest way to do this ...A ladybug infestation will usually occur in the late summer and early fall. Ladybugs release pheromones like a perfume to attract other ladybugs, and this scent can be detected up to 0.4 kilometres away. It can also remain year after year on the outside of your house. If you have ladybugs in the house, these pheromones can also stay on the ...Ladybug home infestations can go wrong, and you might need to get rid of them. READ MORE: Ladybug Infestation - There's Ladybugs In My House. How to get rid of ladybugs? Seal any cracks or holes in your home or company. They should be vacuumed up. Call the pest control professionals if you need help getting away from ladybugs or determining …Boxelder bugs are common pests found in Canada and the United States that will enter structures in the fall to seek shelter. They emerge again in the spring to feed and lay eggs. T...But if you’ve got a ladybug infestation, you probably don’t care what kind; you just want them gone. Ways to Keep Stink Bugs and Ladybugs Out of Your Home. As with many things, the best defense is a good offense. When cooler weather arrives, it’s best to button up your home to prevent unwanted tenants from coming in for the winter. 1.🐞 Welcome to the Official Miraculous Ladybug English YouTube channel! 🐾 Two high-school students, Marinette and Adrien, are chosen to become Paris’ superheroes: Ladybug and Cat Noir. They ... Place small bags of cloves, bay leaves, or a combination of the two, in areas that are heavily infested. Ladybugs don’t like the smell and it may help to send them packing. Whether you have a ladybug infestation and want to know how to kill ladybugs or simply how to get rid of ladybugs, sometimes it’s best to ask for help. Bed bugs are small, reddish-brown insects that feed on blood. They are usually found in areas where people sleep, such as homes, hotels, and dormitories. Bed bugs can cause itchy b...

Ladybugs might be known to give you luck, but it is rather unlucky to get an infestation in your home or RV! The Ladybug Lifespan. The typical lifespan of a ladybug is approximately one year. They go from an egg to a mature adult in about four to eight weeks. Ladybugs begin to hibernate once temperatures start to dip below 55 degrees.. Affresh washing machine cleaner

lady bug infestation

How to Prevent a Ladybug Infestation. According to bug expert Erica Brister, president of U.S. Pest, the key to avoiding a ladybug infestation is prevention. Once one ladybug gets inside, it will release a pheromone that attracts other ladybugs within a ¼ mile radius, as a way of communicating to make their home for the winter.Ladybugs are another insect that might swarm your house this fall, covering your window screens and siding with their spotted red bodies. Fall ladybug swarms are most common in the western parts ...Common Name(s): Lady Beetle, Lady Bug Description. All lady beetles belong to the family Coccinellidae in the insect order Coleoptera. There are five subfamilies in this family, and four of them are what we think of as traditional lady beetles that eat other insects. One subfamily, however, is comprised of plant-eating insects.Get an LED light and place it inside the funnel of your light trap. It should have enough room for the bugs to enter. 2. Use a Natural Repellent. If you want to repel ladybugs the natural way, there are a couple of essential oils and herbs you can use. You can try citronella, lavender oil, and bay leaves.There's something undeniably charming about spotting a ladybug frolicking in the springtime air, with their adorable red and black wings flapping through the wind. However, if you're one of many homeowners who have experienced massive ladybug infestations in the wintertime, you're probably somewhat perturbed by the small creatures, as the insect's …Ladybugs, also known as Coccinellidae, are one of the most beloved insects in the world. ... By consuming these pests, ladybugs help control their populations, …The Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, was introduced to help control aphid and scale populations in orchards and field crops. The good news is it worked. This insect is a major predator of the Asian Soybean Aphid and other pests. The bad news is with its high numbers and habit of amassing on homes in the fall, this insect has become a major ...Ladybugs are cute and colorful insects in the Coccinellidae family. You may also see them called ladybeetles or ladybird beetles. There are at least 5,000 different species, and they are referred ...Ladybugs Swarm Homes as Cool Weather Arrives. Every year, the chill of autumn sends many pests - including mice and spiders - indoors as they seek shelter from the cold. But, many parts of country also deal with a less intimidating but equally bothersome invader: ladybugs.Also known as Asian lady beetles, swarms of the insects have been reported …If the ladybug infestation in your house becomes overwhelming or if you prefer to leave it to the experts, professional pest control services can help. Pest control professionals have the knowledge, experience, and tools to effectively remove ladybugs from your home. They can assess the extent of the infestation, identify entry points, and ...Ladybugs are swarming in the Tennessee Valley according to a large number of reports from invaded residents. The bugs in question are Asian ladybugs which are searching like crazy for somewhere warm before the cold winter sets in proper. The ladybugs usually end up heading for the warmth of homes – as has happened in …Day isn’t sure how the rumor got started, but the Internet has helped it spread quicker than, well, a ladybug infestation. Though the beetles disappeared for a while and started reappearing in the late 1980s, the rumors never went away. “I’ve said it before, and I’ll likely have to say it again, ‘Ladybugs are not being bred and ...The easiest way to prevent ladybug infestations is by keeping food spills cleaned up right away so that there’s nothing left for them to eat once they’ve landed on the floor or countertop surfaces. Keep Your Home Cool And Keep Your Home Cool and Dark. The key to keeping ladybugs out of your home is keeping it dark, calm, and dry.Hundreds, sometimes thousands, of lady beetles are gathering around homes and other structures as autumn gets under way in Michigan. This lady beetle, or ...Food availability is one of the most common reasons for ladybug infestations. They are attracted to areas with high populations of other pests like aphids, scale insects and mites. These pests provide a food source for the ladybugs, resulting in an infestation. Attractive environments can also lead to an infestation..

Popular Topics