Elden ring casting - After you've met those requirements, your main focus should be on Arcane — at least as far as damage is concerned. Here are the stats you'll need to use each of this build's weapons, Seals ...

 
Elden Ring Spirit Calling Bell Use. Spirit Calling Bell is used to summon Spirits from ashes. Using Spirit Calling Bell will usually consume FP. Spirit Calling Bell may only be used to summon Spirits in specific locations (Points of Interest on the World Map and almost every boss arena). It cannot be used during multiplayer.. Exmark hydro pump rebuild kit

Having the Elden Ring stats explained and knowing what all these attributes mean is essential to understanding how to survive in ... what weapons you can use, spell casting speed, and plenty more ...Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. ... Casting spells as rituals 5e styleSelect your desired casting tool(s) Select the regular/somber upgrade level for the casting tool(s) you want to use. If you use an off-hand casting tool to boost damage via a particular spell school, click the desired school(s) from the "Extra Spell Schools" list.This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.Magic Spells in Elden Ring are a returning feature in previous Souls games, but with a few changes. With them, players will be able to cast various magical spells to enhance, defend, and attack ...Rage gaming did a video where they pain stakingly tested the three main ways of increasing cast speed. Dexterity is the least effective because there are better places to spend your points as a mage. But even at 99 Dexterity, you get the full benefit of the RI. It's just that the game takes the highest spell casting modifier and adds the ...Feb 28, 2024 · This Mage Build Guide for Elden Ring is tailored for newcomers and veterans alike and is meant to help you get started with the game. The Astrologer Class is a powerful choice from the get-go, and comes suited with great equipment and spells for any aspiring mage. Ultimage Elden Ring Mage Build. Introduction to the Astrologer Build. In true Soulslike fashion, Elden Ring challenges players right from the tutorial, and finding the best early Sorceries is essential to a Sorcerer character's survival.. Fortunately for Astrologers ...No Skill. FP -. Wgt. 2.5. Passive Boosts Invisibility Sorcery. Staff of Loss is a Glintstone Staff in Elden Ring. The Staff of Loss scales primarily with Strength, Dexterity , and Intelligence and is a good Weapon for those looking to play an ambusher type of caster. Staff missing its glintstone. Wielded by sorcerers who believe that discovery ...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. ... Since equip load is now tied to endurance again, casting speed should no longer be tied to dexterity (instead to mind) and the soft cap for INT/FTH should be ...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.Elden Ring has 10 starting classes that the player can choose from at the beginning of the game. ... preferring melee over casting whenever possible. Starting Level Vigor Mind Endurance Strength 5 ...Elden Ring Aspects of the Crucible: Horns Guide. ... The spell also has poise while casting and the charged version has a decent dash range about 6-8 ft. Not to mention it knocks any regular sized enemies airborne if they don't gaurd against it with a shield or something. Meaning you can just juggle them over and over.This Mage Build Guide for Elden Ring is tailored for newcomers and veterans alike and is meant to help you get started with the game. The Astrologer Class is a powerful choice from the get-go, and comes suited with great equipment and spells for any aspiring mage. Ultimage Elden Ring Mage Build. Introduction to the Astrologer Build.Dext/Int build stats at level 90 Best Weapons for Dexterity/Intelligence Builds in Elden Ring. The purpose of the Prisoner Dex/Int build will be to give you a fierce combination of melee and magic ...Casting spell above your wizard level. ... Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. ...To cast magic you need a catalyst, either a staff for glintstone or finger seal for incantations (healing). If you have one, you need to equip it either in your Left or Right arm. Once you equip it, you select the spell as usual and press Right mouse button to use it. Showing 1 - 5 of 5 comments. Kelban Feb 25, 2022 @ 9:29am.Unlock the hidden potential of shadows in Elden Ring with this mod! This mod introduces dynamic. shadowcasting light to the different light source by editing the SFX, bringing a new level. of realism and immersion to the game and creating a breathtaking visual. experience that enhances the atmospheric depth of the game.Classes for Elden Ring are the combat archetypes available at Character Creation. Choosing a class determines the player's base Stats and the Equipment they start with. This page covers each class, their attribute point allocation, and equipment. In addition, this page also covers classes which were only available during the Network Test.Elden Ring is the latest game Not for lack of trying, some combination of the bleak aesthetic, boringly elitist community (enjoying a popular video game franchise is not a personal...Sacred Relic Sword. Sacred Relic Sword is a Greatsword in Elden Ring. The Sacred Relic Sword scales primarily with Strength, Faith, and Dexterity and is a good Weapon for its additional holy damage. Sword wrought from the remains of a god who should have lived a life eternal. Thoughts on what the weapon portends are many and varied.Magic Spells in Elden Ring are a returning feature in previous Souls games, but with a few changes. With them, players will be able to cast various magical spells to enhance, defend, and attack ...Vyke's Dragonbolt is an Incantation in Elden Ring. Vyke's Dragonbolt reinforces the right hand weapon and body with red lightning. Incantation of Vyke, knight of the Roundtable Hold. Summons red lightning to bolster both the caster's body and their armament held in the right hand. Enchants armaments with lightning-affinity attacks and increases ...Published Mar 8, 2022. The ultimate confessor build guide for new players looking to get an edge against Elden Ring's challenging early-game content and tense encounters. The ability to customize a player character in a Soulslike has never been deeper than it is in Elden Ring . Players will need to think about their approach toward the game's ...Elden Ring, Mario Strikers, Pokémon, and more Nintendo Switch, PS5, and Xbox games are on sale now. GameStop is having a buy one, get one (BOGO) free deal for Nintendo Switch, PS5,...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. ... Dex will have very little influence on casting speed for all spells and there will likely be a talisman that increases your casting speed to the point where ...Enter in your desired stats and compare how each Staff and Seal performs relative to each other. Other helpful Elden Ring Tools & Info. Selecting spell schools will show the tool's Adjusted Scaling when casting those spells. This can help find casting tools that unexpectedly outperform more common choices when paired with your build's spell ...One of the best Elden Ring staffs reduces casting times for your more powerful spells, but you can also use Elden Ring spirit ashes to keep enemies away from you while you fling magic attacks at them.Moveset & Videos in Elden Ring for Frenzied Flame Seal Frenzied Acolyte Written Guide Death Knight Written Guide ... And you can cast Golden Order incants (meh). But for lvl 200+ casting mostly Frenzy spells dual FFS is the way to go, hardly an optimal caster build but if you're doing frenzy at this level it's more about the style points!Apr 2, 2022 ... Some hidden ways you can make your Sorcery build incredible! Enjoy! Casting Speed Explained: https://youtu.be/HZUUiQDgdHQ Best Glintstone ...Using the Elden Ring Casting Tool Comparator, a website developed by Twitch streamer Jerp, I was able to compare every seal in the game without needing to spend resources bolstering them to the ...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.Feb 10, 2024 · Dragonfire is an Incantation in Elden Ring. Dragonfire spell is used to conjure a dragon head that exhales offensive flames. One of the incantations of Dragon Communion. Transforms caster into a dragon to spew flaming breath. Charging extends duration. Incantation of those who have hunted dragons and feasted upon their hearts. Rock Sling: for the huge damage, AoE potential & stagger. Slow casting speed but certainly worth it. Carian Blade: for the very efficient FP Cost, good damage and most importantly, the fast casting speed and high chain/spam potential, so perfect for enemies that are fast or bosses, so you can weave your magic sword hits + dodge or block.Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. Elden Ring was directed by Hidetaka Miyazaki and made in collaboration with ...To equip the spell, you need to select the memory slot you want filled, followed by the spell you want to equip. If the spell has a red X in the top right-hand corner, it means that you lack the correct stats to cast the spell. For example, Triple Rings of Light needs 23 levels of intelligence and 23 levels of faith.Select the incant and the seal while in the field. Attack with the hand holding the seal to cast. Additionally - you may need to level up your Mind, as this controls your FP and if you attune a spell/incant but don't have the necessary FP, then you won't be able to cast even with sufficient Int/Fth. #8.Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. Elden Ring was directed by Hidetaka Miyazaki and made in collaboration with ...Meteorite is a Sorcery in Elden Ring. Meteorite spell is cast to create 3 offensive meteorites that fall from the sky. One of the glintstone sorceries that manipulates gravitational forces. Summons a void that emits a rain of small meteorites. Hold to continue the effect. The sorcery originates from the Onyx Lords,This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.In Elden Ring, enemies are much more likely going to react and have an answer to your casting, especially later on. I think their reaction to you casting is really close to or the same as when you're healing with an estus. So, I wouldn't say that casters are the "easy mode" of the game as they were in titles with worse AI (DeS and DS1), yet I ...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. ... cuz I liked the legit combo of Flame into Magma. Chain casting was one of the most unique and fun things about experimenting with a spell build. But in ...The Meteorite Staff has a passive ability of improving Gravity Spells, which are pretty tough to find. But there's one very close to where you found the staff. From the Meteorite Staff tower ...Elden Ring Comet Guide. Glintstone Sorcery; Stamina Cost: 31; Deals magic damage; Can pierce through multiple enemies in a line. ... If you're at 80 int 30 mind, casting glintstone pebble with lusat's staff (11 mana per cast, 160 mana = 14 casts, 413 incant) I think you would be better off going 55/55 and casting this with astrologers staff ...3. Ranni Build. Ranni, my dear Ranni. Ranni is one amazing girlfr… amazing NPC in Elden Ring and has one amazing questline, and her build can also be quite strong, with one amazing sword and a few amazing spells you can obliterate enemies. Why the Ranni build is great for casters: Has great damage.Rock Sling: for the huge damage, AoE potential & stagger. Slow casting speed but certainly worth it. Carian Blade: for the very efficient FP Cost, good damage and most importantly, the fast casting speed and high chain/spam potential, so perfect for enemies that are fast or bosses, so you can weave your magic sword hits + dodge or block.Features: . Sacred Infused weapons gain the ability to cast incantations, while magic infused weapons gain the ability to cast sorceries. All while retaining their original movesets. The Sword of Night and Flame and Scepter of the All-Knowing act as universal catalysts capable of casting any kind of magic. Spell buff is shown and applied and ...Start at the Erdtree-Gazing Hill Site of Grace in southwest Altus Plateau. Summon Torrent in Elden Ring and ride northeast to reach a Spiritspring that should be ridden. Go west across the wooden ...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. ... The purpose of this video is to analyze a visual side-by-side comparison and try to speculate on how dexterity affects casting speed. The following ...Updated: 27 Apr 2024 17:33. Glinstone Staves are a type of Weapon in Elden Ring. Glinstone Staves are required in Elden Ring to cast Sorceries, so if you want to use …Reduces casting time of all sorceries, but consumes additional FP Azur's Glintstone Staff . ... Overview Walkthrough Shadow of the Erdtree DLC The Best Spirit Ashes In Elden RingThis is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.Elden Ring Spirit Calling Bell Use. Spirit Calling Bell is used to summon Spirits from ashes. Using Spirit Calling Bell will usually consume FP. Spirit Calling Bell may only be used to summon Spirits in specific locations (Points of Interest on the World Map and almost every boss arena). It cannot be used during multiplayer.Elden Ring Side Quests for dummies: Side Quests You Need to do - Elden Ring PS5 Gameplay Watch on YouTube Twitch streamer Jerp has created the Elden Ring Casting Tool Comparator (spotted by Kotaku ).In Elden Ring, enemies are much more likely going to react and have an answer to your casting, especially later on. I think their reaction to you casting is really close to or the same as when you're healing with an estus. So, I wouldn't say that casters are the "easy mode" of the game as they were in titles with worse AI (DeS and DS1), yet I ...With the freely accessible Faster Casting Speed Elden Ring Mods files, you can tailor the game according to your taste. Realize your objectives swiftly and modify the game's aesthetics and mechanics. By opting for Faster Casting Speed Elden Ring Mods downloads, you're unlocking a treasure trove of possibilities, and perhaps, a few game-changing ...Elden Ring Meteorite of Astel Guide. Gravity Sorcery; Can be boosted by the Meteorite Staff. Stamina Cost: 40; ... This spell can be a fun setup with your friends, but you are better off casting 3 rock slings (reliably deal more damage and cost less FP, 16 per sling). I tested at those scarlet rot spilling giant land squid, and only two ...1. Have a seal rquipped for incantations, or a staff for sorceries. 2. Have enough faith, intelligence, or Arcane to cast the spell. 3. Have enough FP to cast the spell. Psn: beastlytoast. Left-handed fire-slapsies leave me feeling confused about life. - Merydia. This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. Shopping for an engagement ring? We'll show you how to maximize your purchase with our guide to the best credit cards for an engagement ring! We may be compensated when you click o...Elden Ring Casting Tool Comparator - by Jerp. Enter in your desired stats and compare how each Staff and Seal performs relative to each other. Other helpful Elden Ring Tools & Info. Selecting spell schools will show the tool's Adjusted Scaling when casting those spells.Showing off in Elden Ring how much Dexterity increases cast speed from level 12 to 28.Long story short, you gain about 1 frame (~16ms) for every 6 dex (with ...Arcane 0. Great Glintstone Shard is a Sorcery in Elden Ring. Great Glintstone Shard spell fires a magic projectile. One of the glintstone sorceries of the Academy of Raya Lucaria. The glintstone serves as a conduit, launching large magical projectiles at foes. This sorcery can be cast repeatedly and while in motion.If you are looking to enhance your business or home security, Ring security cameras are a great choice. Here are some of the best Ring security cameras to choose from. If you buy s...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.The Grandmaster Mage is my latest Pure Intelligence Sorcerer Build for Elden Ring. I spent a lot of time testing different spells, talismans, and weapons and...May 1, 2022 · Elden Ring has moved pretty far away from that idea by diversifying enemy behavior and spell functionality. From Software has carefully balanced the capabilities of each spell to where nothing is good against every single enemy. Sorceries now differ significantly and consequentially in the following ways: Casting Time / Spammability; Range Things Elden Ring Doesn't Tell You. Elden Ring marks From Software's first attempt at a truly Open-World game, and while it may seem a bit more forgiving than the souls series, there's still ...Step 1: Meet Brother Corhyn. To meet Brother Corhyn for the first time, all you need to do is reach the Roundtable Hold. You'll get there eventually if you just play normally and explore, so if ...Found a neat trick and thought i'd share. Could have some niche uses in PVP or for smaller damage windows in PVE. Scott Jund made a video showing off the bug...The best Elden Ring builds will help you emerge victorious in both PvE and PvP. Here's a look at our favorites for new players, melee playstyles, magic users, and more.Showing off in Elden Ring how much Dexterity increases cast speed from level 12 to 28.Long story short, you gain about 1 frame (~16ms) for every 6 dex (with ...This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.Found a neat trick and thought i'd share. Could have some niche uses in PVP or for smaller damage windows in PVE. Scott Jund made a video showing off the bug...In this video, I show you how to cast Spells & Incantations in Elden Ring. This Elden Ring footage was captured on the PS5 at 60FPS. 🔴 SUBSCRIBE: https://ww...Diamond engagement rings are an expensive investment, but don't have to be. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree...Often described as a buzzing, humming, ringing, or swishing sound, the medical term used to describe ear ringing is tinnitus. The condition is not typically painful, but it is both...May 18, 2022 · Best Elden Ring mage builds. Glintstone Crowns and sorcery-boosting talismans like the Magic Scorpion Charm and Primal Glintstone Blade can decrease HP and combat stats, so it's up to you how ... Boosting Blood Incantations. There is no Sacred Seal that provides a boost in effectiveness for all Blood Incantations.; Radagon Icon shortens spell casting time, allowing you to cast more quickly.; The Lord of Blood's Exultation buffs both melee and spell damage by 20% when a nearby creature is inflicted with bleed, making it a potent choice for Blood Incantation users willing to fight in ...In Elden Ring, enemies are much more likely going to react and have an answer to your casting, especially later on. I think their reaction to you casting is really close to or the same as when you're healing with an estus.This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord.The main thing stopping players from casting spells in Elden Ring is the lack of a Sacred Seal. As it's not immediately obvious to non-mage types, many players will think that they can summon ...Dec 28, 2023 · Terra Magica. Terra Magica is a Sorcery in Elden Ring. Terra Magica spell creates a spherical zone that increases magic damage when damage is dealt while the user is in the zone. One of the glintstone sorceries of the Academy of Raya Lucaria. Draws an academy sigil upon the ground, raising the magic strength of those within. This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. ... magic casting is ...Frozen Armament is a Sorcery in Elden Ring. Frozen Armament spell enchants your weapon with frost damage. Can be cast while moving. Updated to Patch 1.07. Sorcery said to have been used by the old snow witch. Enchants armament held in the right hand with frost. This sorcery can be cast while in motion.

On a video that did frame data testing, the tldr is that Radagon's Icon is worth the slot, 10% is the sweetspot, dex to 50/99 gives the most cast speed, it's dependent on what skills you use (cast speed affects lower tier spells/incants more than higher tier spells), and cast speed doesn't affect incantation as much as sorcery. Boards. Elden Ring.. Medical terminology lesson 2

elden ring casting

Elden Ring is an Open World Action RPG from From Software. As a Tarnished, it is your destiny to explore the Lands Between and become an Elden Lord. Elden Ring ... Spell Casting. advertisement. This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. Players must explore and fight their way through the vast open-world to unite all the shards, restore the Elden Ring, and become Elden Lord. By default game allows to reset spells /consumables order by long pressing key. It's used for reseting mod if order is incorrect (this may happens if you press binded button in inventory for example). Simple usage: Default configuration is 5 spells (keys 1-5) and 5 consumables (keys 6-0). Other should be added to profiles/ mapping-eldenring.json.Elden Ring Scholar's Shield Guide. Glintstone Sorcery; Cast this spell with a staff in your right hand, whilst a shield is equipped in your left hand. Lasts 1 minute (60 seconds). With Old Lord's Talisman equipped, this duration becomes 1:18 minutes (78 seconds) Reduces stamina damage taken while blocking by 35% (applied after Guard …Elden Ring Spirit Calling Bell Use. Spirit Calling Bell is used to summon Spirits from ashes. Using Spirit Calling Bell will usually consume FP. Spirit Calling Bell may only be used to summon Spirits in specific locations (Points of Interest on the World Map and almost every boss arena). It cannot be used during multiplayer.Walkthrough. IGN's Elden Ring complete strategy guide and walkthrough will lead you through every step of Elden Ring from the title screen to the final credits, including every collectible ...The best Elden Ring Incantations can be difficult to distinguish. To get a grasp of the best incantations available in both the early game and late game, how to acquire them and which Talismans and Seals to use with them, read on. ... Amongst the other early Incantations available from Brother Corhyn, it has a faster casting time than Flame ...How to create the best Sorcery build using cast speed reduction! Enjoy!Support us on Patreon: http://bit.ly/1FUac4SDiscord: https://discord.gg/fQH5bucMonster...Elden Ring Side Quests for dummies: Side Quests You Need to do - Elden Ring PS5 Gameplay Watch on YouTube Twitch streamer Jerp has created the Elden Ring Casting Tool Comparator (spotted by Kotaku ).May 18, 2023 · In Elden Ring, players perform Incantations through a sacred seal. Like the magic staff required to conduct Sorcery, the seals allow users to perform an equipped Incantation. Players who select the Confessor or Prophet class during character creation will immediately receive the Finger Seal, allowing them to perform Incantation from the start ... 16. Faith. 7. Arcane. 9. The Astrologer is the pure magic class in Elden Ring, specifically sorcery-based. It is one of the most beginner-friendly classes as it gives you a solid ranged option allowing you to thin out enemies before getting into range.Classes for Elden Ring are the combat archetypes available at Character Creation. Choosing a class determines the player's base Stats and the Equipment they start with. This page covers each class, their attribute point allocation, and equipment. In addition, this page also covers classes which were only available during the Network Test.This is the subreddit for the Elden Ring gaming community. Elden Ring is an action RPG which takes place in the Lands Between, sometime after the Shattering of the titular Elden Ring. ... The purpose of this video is to analyze a visual side-by-side comparison and try to speculate on how dexterity affects casting speed. The following ...Follow the corresponding steps according to your device to use incantations Elden Ring. Windows PC. Press E to open your inventory. Equip a Seal in either hand. Press the upward pointing arrow to choose the desired spell. Cast the spell by pressing the left mouse. PS5.Dexterity is one of the main stat categories in Elden Ring. Read on to learn what the Dexterity attribute does including what it affects and how to increase it! ... Dexterity can improve the casting speed of your Sorceries and Incantations, decreasing the amount of time needed to cast them. Some spells take a very long time to cast and ...Elden Ring Meteorite Staff location. The Meteorite Staff is found on a corpse in a ruined tower on the western side of Caelid. The closest Site of Grace is the Astray from Caelid Highway North ....

Popular Topics